A Methodological Study on Data Collection Procedures in Social Research

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the steps of data collection in social research as a fundamental stage in the scientific research process, since data represent the raw material upon which research findings and interpretations are built. The study addresses a core problem related to the difficulty of obtaining valid and reliable data under conditions of social instability and recurring crises, particularly in closed societies where individuals may hesitate to provide accurate or honest information.

The study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach by examining the concept of data collection tools and distinguishing them from data sources. It also reviews the main types of data collection tools, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, and content analysis. Furthermore, the study identifies the key factors influencing the selection of appropriate data collection tools, such as the nature of the research topic, the research methodology, the characteristics of the research population, sample size, and the researcher’s methodological expertise.

The findings indicate that the selection of data collection tools should not be arbitrary but rather guided by clear methodological criteria to ensure data validity and objectivity, thereby enhancing the credibility and generalizability of research results. The study also emphasizes that adherence to methodological standards in designing and applying data collection tools significantly improves the quality of social research, particularly in academic theses. Accordingly, the study recommends strengthening methodological training for researchers and students to ensure the proper and effective use of data collection tools in social research