Libyan Journal of Educational Research and E-Learning (LJERE)
type: channel
description: The Libyan Journal of Educational Research and E-Learning (LJERE) (ISSN: 3105-3556), published by the Libyan Association for Research in Education and E-learning, is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal. We are dedicated to publishing high-quality, original research that advances the fields of education and e-learning. With ISSN (ISSN: 3105-3556), our mission is to provide a platform for scholars and practitioners to share research on educational methodologies, pedagogical innovation, and the use of technology in teaching and learning. LJERE publishes two issues annually. Our scope is broad, covering research on e-learning, AI in education, teacher training, special education, and educational policy. We also welcome studies related to the education of various subjects, including Biology, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, English and Arabic Languages, and Fine Art Education. We are committed to fostering a global community of researchers and contributing to the improvement of educational practices.
publisher: Libyan Association for Research in Education and E-learning
language: en
publication name: Libyan Journal of Educational Research and E-Learning (LJERE)
issn: 3105-3556
items: The Impact of AI-Driven Personalized Learning on Language Acquisition and Assessment Strategies for Multilingual Learners (literature review)
items: The gradual educational approach in light of the Qur'an and Sunnah and its impact on developing teaching methods and serving the community
items: Characteristics of the Successful Teacher and Their Relationship to Effective Teaching Methods
items: The Role of the Social Worker in Developing Citizenship Values among Students: A Field Study on a Sample of Social Workers in Secondary Educational Institutions – Misrata City
items: Quality of Educational Services and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction: An Applied Study of Babylon International Schools – Bani Walid Branch
items: An Investigation of the Challenges that Libyan EFL Postgraduate Students Face in Writing Research Papers: Voices from the Field
items: Social and Economic Problems Associated with Women’s Empowerment in Libyan Society: A Study on a Sample of Working Women in the Education Sector in Benghazi City
items: Pronunciation Problems of Final English Consonant Clusters: An Analytical Study of First-Semester EFL Learners at the Faculty of Education, Misurata
items: A Comparative Study of Human vs. Generative AI Translation of English Poetry into Arabic: Assessing Stylistic Fidelity and Creative Nuance
items: The Difficulties Faced by English Language Teachers in Teaching Vocabulary to Primary School Students in Alkhoms City: A Field Study
items: The evolution of distance learning and hybrid education methods and their impact on students' mental health and academic performance: an analysis of contemporary research trends
items: Exploring Metacognitive Reading Strategies for Comprehending English Scientific Texts: A Study of Libyan Medical Students
items: Parental Parenting Styles and Their Relationship to Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior: A Field Study of Secondary School Students in Educational Institutions in Misrata
items: Reasons for the phenomenon of cheating in exams among students of the Faculty of Education, Misrata University, from the perspective of the students of the faculty
items: University EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Reading Aloud as a Teaching Strategy in Reading Classes
items: Intellectual Security among Libyan Secondary Students: An Integrative Model Based on Psychological Inoculation and Basic Needs Theory
items: Investigating the Effects of Self-Assessment on Motivation and Language Proficiency among English Department Students at the Faculty of Arts, AL-Assaba, University of Gharian
items: Highlighting the Gap Caused by Neglecting the Teaching of Punctuation Marks in English Course Books: The Case of Libyan Students
items: A Methodological Study on Data Collection Procedures in Social Research
items: The Impact of Native Language Interference on English Proficiency: A Multi_ Methodological Study of Secondary School EFL Learners in Alkhoms, Libya
items: The Role of Kindergartens in Activating Digital Transformation and Its Impact on the Educational Process
items: Perceptions of University Students Regarding English Language Instructors' Utilization of the Mother Tongue in Higher Education Classrooms
items: Artificial Intelligence and Transformations of Social Structure: A Critical Sociological Approach in Light of the Reconfiguration of Power, Work, and Knowledge
items: Investigating Common Grammatical Errors Made by Libyan EFL Students in Writing: A Case Study in the Department of English at Sirte University
items: The Significance of Course Books in ELT Classrooms: A Critical Perspective from the Libyan Context
items: The Effectiveness of Using E-Learning to Address Individual Differences among Students at the Higher Institute of Technical Sciences in (Raqdaline)
items: The Role of E-Learning in Accounting in Developing the Skills of Accounting Students at Libyan Universities (From the perspective of faculty members)
items: Teaching Methods and Their Role in Activating the Educational Process
items: Psychological and Social Stress among Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Role of Psychological Support
items: The Reality of Using Modern Educational and Technological Aids in Teaching Geography A Field Study on a Sample of Geography Teachers in the City of Al-Qubbah

The Impact of AI-Driven Personalized Learning on Language Acquisition and Assessment Strategies for Multilingual Learners (literature review)
type: item
description: This paper explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven personalized learning on language acquisition and assessment strategies, specifically focusing on multilingual learners. As global interconnectedness increases, the demand for effective language proficiency among diverse linguistic populations has never been more critical. Traditional language learning methodologies often struggle to cater to the heterogeneous needs of multilingual learners, leading to varied learning outcomes and engagement levels. AI-driven personalized learning offers a promising paradigm shift by adapting educational content, pace, and instructional strategies to individual learner profiles. This review synthesizes current literature to elucidate how AI technologies, including adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and natural language processing, facilitate enhanced language acquisition through individualized pathways, real-time feedback, and dynamic content recommendations. Furthermore, the paper examines the evolution of assessment strategies in an AI-enhanced environment, highlighting the potential for more equitable, valid, and reliable evaluations for multilingual learners. It addresses the challenges associated with integrating AI into both learning and assessment, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and technological infrastructure limitations. By analyzing existing research and identifying emerging trends, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and implications of AI in fostering linguistic competence and refining assessment practices for multilingual learners, ultimately contributing to more inclusive and effective language education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: personalized learning
  topic: keywords
subject: language acquisition
  topic: keywords
subject: multilingual learners
  topic: keywords
subject: and assessment strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Nawal Eid Ahmed
creator: Wedad Abdella Abalgewd
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-22
publication date: 2026-03-22
starting page: 390
ending page: 403
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.94

The gradual educational approach in light of the Qur'an and Sunnah and its impact on developing teaching methods and serving the community
type: item
description: The gradual approach is one of the most successful educational approaches because of its foundations and methodology that contribute to the scientific experience. It has contributed to this in the Qur’anic and Prophetic drama, thus moving man from the stage of stagnation to the stages of intellectual and mental growth, including the ability to innovate mentally and psychologically. Hence the importance of the research, which is: to identify the concept of educational progression in light of the Qur’an and Sunnah, to reveal the most prominent forms of educational progression in the Sharia texts and its educational dimensions, and to clarify the impact of progression on developing teaching methods in terms of curriculum planning, content organization and teaching methods. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the desired goals, which are: to show the Prophet’s approach, may God bless him and grant him peace, in gradualism through analyzing his educational and pedagogical positions, and to show how the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, used the method of gradualism in conveying knowledge and modifying behavior. The problem of the study revolves around the limited application of the educational gradualism method, even though the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Prophetic Sunnah have presented a unique educational model that relies on the principle of gradualism in guiding the learner and building his behavior and knowledge. Many contemporary teaching methods are still presented in a stereotypical way that does not take this principle into account, which leads to educational gaps and weakness in learners’ comprehension, and limits the ability of educational institutions to perform their role in serving society. Among the most important findings of the study: 1- The study confirmed that the gradual educational approach is one of the authentic educational methods that plays an important role in acquiring continuous learning skills, so tha…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gradualism
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational
  topic: keywords
subject: Qur'an and Sunnah
  topic: keywords
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatma Mohamed A. W. Ramdan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 370
ending page: 389
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.93

Characteristics of the Successful Teacher and Their Relationship to Effective Teaching Methods
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the characteristics of a successful teacher and their relationship with effective teaching methods from the perspective of secondary school teachers. The study adopted a descriptive correlational approach and was conducted on a population of 130 male and female teachers. A stratified random sample of 40 teachers (18 males and 22 females) was selected. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire consisting of two dimensions: characteristics of a successful teacher and effective teaching methods. A five-point Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between the two variables. The results showed that the most important characteristics of a successful teacher are professional competence, communication skills, and classroom management. The most effective teaching methods identified were discussion and dialogue, brainstorming, and practical demonstration. The findings also revealed a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between teacher characteristics and effective teaching methods (r = 0.78, p = 0.001). Based on these findings, the study recommends developing teacher preparation programs to enhance both professional and personal characteristics, encouraging the use of diverse and effective teaching methods, supporting teachers with appropriate educational resources, and conducting further research to expand the scope of the study
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Successful teacher
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational process
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary education
  topic: keywords
creator: Suad Mansour Jumaa Abudour
creator: Miftah Ali Miftah Alteer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 358
ending page: 369
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.92

The Role of the Social Worker in Developing Citizenship Values among Students: A Field Study on a Sample of Social Workers in Secondary Educational Institutions – Misrata City
type: item
description: Social service is one of the modern professions used by society, in order to help people for providing their needs, and carrying out their responsibilities in facing complex lifestyles. The nature of the problems they face. Research and studies are one of the professional methods and mechanisms used by practitioners to achieve the goals of the profession and achieve its societal mission. This study aims to identify the values of citizenship among high school students in educational institutions, to identify the activities and means that are used to develop citizenship values, to know the obstacles that prevent the development of citizenship values among secondary students; as well as identifying the role of the social worker in developing the values of citizenship among stude.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Worker
  topic: keywords
subject: Citizenship Values
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Misrata
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Work
  topic: keywords
subject: Field Study
  topic: keywords
creator: Sit Alkol Mohamed Abdullah Darwish
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 337
ending page: 357
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.91

Quality of Educational Services and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction: An Applied Study of Babylon International Schools – Bani Walid Branch
type: item
description: This study aimed to examine the impact of educational service quality on customer satisfaction at Babel International Schools in Bani Walid, in light of the growing importance of service quality as a key factor for achieving institutional excellence. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach, using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool distributed to a simple random sample of (120) parents. The results revealed a strong positive statistically significant relationship between educational service quality and customer satisfaction. The findings also indicated a direct effect of service quality on the level of customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the study showed that both the quality of educational services and customer satisfaction levels were high, with some variation in certain aspects such as tuition fees. The study also highlighted the school’s focus on e-learning, educational activities, and enhancing communication with students, which contributes to improving the overall quality of the educational process. Based on these findings, the study recommends continuous improvement of educational service quality, strengthening e-learning systems, and responding effectively to customer needs to enhance satisfaction and achieve institutional excellence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Educational Service Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: E-learning
  topic: keywords
subject: SERVQUAL Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational lnstitutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Ali Maetouq Amhimmid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 325
ending page: 336
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.90

An Investigation of the Challenges that Libyan EFL Postgraduate Students Face in Writing Research Papers: Voices from the Field
type: item
description: Writing research papers is one of the most common requirements in postgraduate programs. The present study seeks to investigate the challenges that Libyan EFL postgraduate students‟ face in writing research papers. Through semi-structured interviews with 10 students, the findings demonstrate that students‟ perceived difficulties can be systematically classified into two primary categories. The first category pertains to subject-specific knowledge, particularly difficulties related to analyzing and synthesizing the relevant literature. The second category relates to English language proficiency, including an inadequate mastery of academic writing conventions and insufficient skills to develop research articles effectively at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels. In terms of supporting postgraduate students in writing research papers, the participants in this study suggest that the postgraduate programs should offer professional development opportunities through a series of related writing courses and workshops.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic writing
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL students
  topic: keywords
subject: Research skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Zeinab Hussein khalefa Suwaed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 316
ending page: 324
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.89

Social and Economic Problems Associated with Women’s Empowerment in Libyan Society: A Study on a Sample of Working Women in the Education Sector in Benghazi City
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the most important social and economic problems associated with women’s empowerment in Libyan society, with a focus on the situation of women working in the education sector in the city of Benghazi. The study stems from the importance of women’s role in the development process and the challenges they face that hinder their effective participation in economic and social life. The study adopted the descriptive–analytical method and was applied to a sample of women working in the education sector, including administrative employees and workers, in order to document their professional and social experiences and analyze the problems they encounter. A questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection. The results of the study showed that working women suffer from several social problems, most notably the occasional lack of family support and the multiple roles assigned to women between work and family responsibilities. In addition, there are cultural and social constraints that limit opportunities for women’s empowerment and career advancement. The study also revealed economic challenges such as low wages compared to the requirements of living, weak financial incentives, and limited opportunities for promotion and professional training, which negatively affect job and economic stability. The study concluded with the need to strengthen policies supporting women in Libyan society, particularly in the education sector, by improving economic conditions, providing training and qualification programs, supporting work–family balance, and promoting societal awareness of the importance of women’s role.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women’s Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Problems
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Problems
  topic: keywords
subject: Working Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Education Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan Society
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Husayn Abdullh Qadirboh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
starting page: 297
ending page: 315
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.86

Pronunciation Problems of Final English Consonant Clusters: An Analytical Study of First-Semester EFL Learners at the Faculty of Education, Misurata
type: item
description: The difficulties of pronouncing English consonant clusters are a common barrier amongst Libyan learners. Therefore, the present study is conducted to investigate the phonological phonotactics in English syllable-final consonant clusters by Libyan learners of English. The study is conducted in the Faculty of Education/ Misurata on forty Libyan students who study in the English Department, and on twelve teachers who were asked to respond to a questionnaire, and two of them were observed during their classes. The results show that the subjects of the study seem to have difficulties in pronouncing English syllable-final consonant clusters, particularly the three consonant clusters in the English three consonant clusters and four consonant clusters in the syllable-final. Besides, the results show that Libyan learners have tendency to insert vowel sounds in the English syllable-final consonant clusters. The results further reveal interesting phenomena in the production of pronunciation in syllable-final consonant clusters produced by Libyan learners of English, such as reduction, substitution and deletion. The results of the questionnaire as well as the classroom observation show that teachers face difficulties in their teaching of English consonant clusters. Time allocated for teaching phonetics is not enough to deal with each student' pronunciation. Teachers need to listen more to their students to encourage them to speak
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Consonant clusters
  topic: keywords
subject: English phonology
  topic: keywords
subject: phonological constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: English pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan EFL learners
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanaa Mohammad Zabiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
starting page: 279
ending page: 296
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.85

A Comparative Study of Human vs. Generative AI Translation of English Poetry into Arabic: Assessing Stylistic Fidelity and Creative Nuance
type: item
description: This study compares the quality of translating English poetry into Arabic by human translators versus generative AI models such as GPT-4 and Google Bard. Employing a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, it examines translations of four renowned English poems (by Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Emily Dickinson, and T. S. Eliot) produced by professional human translators and AI tools. The analysis evaluates stylistic fidelity (rhythm, poetic imagery, and metaphors) and creative nuance (preservation of emotional and cultural depth). Findings reveal that human translations outperform AI in conveying creative nuance by 72%, while AI excels in speed and literal accuracy but struggles with cultural contexts. The study recommends integrating both approaches to improve literary translation quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: poetic translation
  topic: keywords
subject: generative artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: stylistic fidelity
  topic: keywords
subject: creative nuance
  topic: keywords
subject: English-Arabic translation
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadia Al-Hashmi Al-Massri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 260
ending page: 278
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.84

The Difficulties Faced by English Language Teachers in Teaching Vocabulary to Primary School Students in Alkhoms City: A Field Study
type: item
description: The objectives of the study are to investigate the difficulties that faced by English teachers in teaching vocabulary to young learners at Primary schools in Alkhoms city, and find out the reasons behind the difficulties that faced by teachers in teaching vocabulary to young learners at Primary schools in Alkhoms city. The method of the research was quantitative which obtain the data through questionnaire. The participants of this study were 50 teachers at primary schools. The analysis method used to analysis the data is statistical methods which are frequency and percentage. The results of the study showed that the teachers face problems in teaching English vocabulary, and they do not use effective strategies and techniques to aid the students to learn vocabulary; they do not use pictures such as posters, flashcards or wall charts to make the meaning of unknown word, they do not use enumerated technique to explain difficult words, and they do not use any electronic devices such as computers, data show, CD player or other devices. They just translate the meaning of new words in Arabic, and give the students a list of words to memorize them. The teachers face difficulty in telling our students to memorize vocabulary because some students are lazy and the students are not active and confident. Moreover, the teachers face difficulties in teaching vocabulary because of the time constraints of the class. The study was concluded with conclusion and some recommendations and suggestions for teachers, students and other researchers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: difficulty
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher
  topic: keywords
creator: Enas Omar El-Wahab
creator: Muhammed Ahmed Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 249
ending page: 259
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.83

The evolution of distance learning and hybrid education methods and their impact on students' mental health and academic performance: an analysis of contemporary research trends
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the impact of the development of distance learning and blended education on students’ mental health and academic performance during the period (2015–2025), given the profound transformation these learning models have introduced to educational practices and the new psychological and cognitive challenges they impose on learners، The study employed a systematic thematic analysis to review 24 published studies retrieved from specialized academic databases (Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO, Google Scholar), using clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria، Data were analyzed according to Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework through methodological, theoretical, and geographical-cultural classifications، The findings revealed mixed effects of distance and blended learning on mental health, including increased academic anxiety, psychological distress, and social isolation among some student groups, alongside enhanced flexibility and learner autonomy among others، Academic performance outcomes varied depending on the availability of psychological support and the quality of instructional interaction، Significant methodological gaps were identified, particularly the scarcity of longitudinal and experimental studies and limited cultural representation، The study recommends conducting longitudinal multidisciplinary research, developing psychologically supportive learning models, and strengthening academic counseling services in digital learning environments
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Distance Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Blended Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Mabrouka Ramadan Ibrahim Aboukhadeer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 239
ending page: 248
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.82

Exploring Metacognitive Reading Strategies for Comprehending English Scientific Texts: A Study of Libyan Medical Students
type: item
description: The current study investigates the use of metacognitive reading strategies in understanding scientific publications in English among Libyan medical students at medicine faculty in Misurata city. It aims to examine what strategies are used among Libyan medical students, as well as the impact of these strategies on their comprehension abilities. An additional objective is to assess how aware Libyan students are of metacognitive reading strategies. A mixed method approach is designed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire includes both closed-ended items for statistical analysis and open-ended questions to elicit more detailed insights on students’ awareness of using metacognitive strategies. The participants were 92 students enrolled at the faculty of medicine. The questionnaire is designed in two versions, English and Arabic, to avoid any difficulties in interpreting the items. The results reveal that medical students tend to prefer certain strategies over others to understand scientific texts, and these preferences vary among students. The results highlight important implications for EFL teachers and pedagogical education; teachers could train students to use a variety of reading strategies that foster deeply deeper engagement in reading.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: metacognitive strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: reading
  topic: keywords
subject: comprehension
  topic: keywords
subject: medical students
  topic: keywords
creator: Muna Bashir Almadani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 226
ending page: 238
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.81

Parental Parenting Styles and Their Relationship to Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior: A Field Study of Secondary School Students in Educational Institutions in Misrata
type: item
description: This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental treatment styles and the positive social behavior of secondary school students in educational institutions in the city of Misurata. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach using a social survey method with a sample of 163 male and female students selected randomly. A questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. The findings revealed statistically significant correlations between positive parental styles—such as acceptance, dialogue, and encouragement—and students’ positive social behavior. The results also showed significant differences in negative parenting styles according to gender, academic level, and father’s educational level, while no significant differences were found based on age. The study highlights the crucial role of the family in shaping children's personality and social behavior and emphasizes the importance of positive parenting practices based on communication, support, and acceptance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parental treatment styles
  topic: keywords
subject: Positive social behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Family socialization
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary school students
  topic: keywords
subject: Family relations
  topic: keywords
subject: Parenting practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Social work
  topic: keywords
creator: Najat Mohamed Mukhtar Ben Ghier
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 215
ending page: 225
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.80

Reasons for the phenomenon of cheating in exams among students of the Faculty of Education, Misrata University, from the perspective of the students of the faculty
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the reasons for the phenomenon of cheating in exams among students of the Faculty of Education at Misurata University from the perspective of the students of the college. The researcher followed the descriptive approach, and the study tool was a questionnaire. The research population consisted of (267) students of the college, while the main research sample consisted of (70) female students in the Department of Classroom Teacher who were chosen randomly, at a rate of 25% of the study population. After applying the study and conducting the statistical analysis, the results showed that the students’ assessments of the reasons for cheating in exams came in moderate ratings, with an agreement rate of (63.6%), and that there are no statistically significant differences in the assessments of the students of the Faculty of Education at Misurata University from the perspective of the students of the college regarding the reasons for cheating in exams according to the variables of (semester, marital status, age).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cheating phenomenon
  topic: keywords
subject: exams
  topic: keywords
subject: Faculty of Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Marwa Ibrahim Abja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 200
ending page: 214
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.79

University EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Reading Aloud as a Teaching Strategy in Reading Classes
type: item
description: This study investigates university EFL teachers’ perceptions of reading aloud as a teaching strategy in reading classes. Although reading aloud is often associated with young learners, it remains a potentially valuable instructional practice for enhancing comprehension, pronunciation, and learner engagement in tertiary EFL contexts. The main objective of this research is to explore how university English instructors perceive the role, benefits, and challenges of using reading aloud in their teaching. A mixed-methods approach was employed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 28 university EFL reading instructors to identify their frequency of use, perceived effectiveness, and attitudes toward reading aloud. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected participants to obtain deeper insights into their experiences and beliefs regarding this instructional technique. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics to highlight trends in teachers’ responses, while the interview data were thematically analyzed to identify common themes and perspectives. The findings revealed that teachers generally conceptualize the value of reading aloud in developing students’ reading comprehension and engagement, although contextual factors such as large class sizes and time constraints influence their instructional choices. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of effective reading instruction strategies in EFL university settings and to inform teacher training and curriculum development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: reading aloud
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: perceptions
  topic: keywords
subject: reading instruction
  topic: keywords
subject: university, questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: semi-structured interview
  topic: keywords
creator: Rabha Hassan Hamed
creator: Ameen O Saleh Almanafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 189
ending page: 199
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.78

Intellectual Security among Libyan Secondary Students: An Integrative Model Based on Psychological Inoculation and Basic Needs Theory
type: item
description: Amid the escalating challenges of information disorder and intellectual polarization facing Libya's educational system, this study aims to construct a proposed theoretical model to enhance intellectual security among secondary school students. The model relies on the systematic integration of preventive Psychological Inoculation strategies, Basic Psychological Needs Theory as an explanatory framework, and Social Cognitive Theory as a behavioral mechanism. Employing an analytical theoretical review methodology, the study analyzed 29 prior studies published between 2020 and 2025 using critical thematic analysis and comparative synthesis. The analysis yielded a five-dimensional structure of intellectual security and provided reference evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychological inoculation, adapting its mechanisms to align with the Arab-Islamic values specific to the Libyan context. The research presents a conceptual model operating on three synergistic levels (preventive, developmental, and behavioral), wherein value-based constants are utilized as cognitive filters to bolster intellectual immunity. This model bridges a research gap by translating inoculation theory from Western contexts to the Libyan educational environment, providing a reference framework for researchers and policymakers to design preventive interventions that are culturally responsive to Libyan society, moving beyond traditional security-centric approaches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intellectual Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Inoculation
  topic: keywords
subject: Basic Psychological Needs
  topic: keywords
subject: Proposed Theoretical Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Libya
  topic: keywords
creator: Alriteemi Abdalati
creator: Al-Ratimi Salma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 175
ending page: 188
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.77

Investigating the Effects of Self-Assessment on Motivation and Language Proficiency among English Department Students at the Faculty of Arts, AL-Assaba, University of Gharian
type: item
description: This study investigates the effects of self-assessment on students’ motivation and language proficiency among English Department students at the Faculty of Arts, AL-Assaba. A quantitative research design was adopted, using a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 60 students. The findings indicate that self-assessment plays a significant role in enhancing learners’ motivation, self-awareness, and perceived language proficiency. Most students reported positive attitudes toward self-assessment and felt it Improved their English skills. The study concludes that incorporating self-assessment into English language instruction can foster learner autonomy and Improve learning outcomes. It recommends Integrating self-assessment practices into curricula and providing guidance to students on effective self-assessment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Self-assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Language Proficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Learner Autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: English
  topic: keywords
subject: Department Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Hana Abdusslam Almadani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
starting page: 161
ending page: 174
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.75

Highlighting the Gap Caused by Neglecting the Teaching of Punctuation Marks in English Course Books: The Case of Libyan Students
type: item
description: This study explores the lack of focus on teaching punctuation in English course books for Libyan students. Punctuation is crucial for obvious written communication, yet various students struggle with its correct use. The research examines the differences and similarities between English and Arabic punctuation, highlights common errors in students’ writing, and identifies limitations in existing course materials. Practical solutions, including the creation of tailored teaching materials and interactive classroom activities, are suggested to meet these issues. Improving punctuation instruction can enhance students’ writing ability and support effective language learning. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach based on the analysis of students’ written samples and a review of English course books used in Libyan higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Punctuation
  topic: keywords
subject: English course books
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan students
  topic: keywords
subject: writing skills
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching materials
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: material adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: Soad Alshibani Ahmed Altaeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 362
ending page: 375
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v1i2.74

A Methodological Study on Data Collection Procedures in Social Research
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the steps of data collection in social research as a fundamental stage in the scientific research process, since data represent the raw material upon which research findings and interpretations are built. The study addresses a core problem related to the difficulty of obtaining valid and reliable data under conditions of social instability and recurring crises, particularly in closed societies where individuals may hesitate to provide accurate or honest information. The study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach by examining the concept of data collection tools and distinguishing them from data sources. It also reviews the main types of data collection tools, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, and content analysis. Furthermore, the study identifies the key factors influencing the selection of appropriate data collection tools, such as the nature of the research topic, the research methodology, the characteristics of the research population, sample size, and the researcher’s methodological expertise. The findings indicate that the selection of data collection tools should not be arbitrary but rather guided by clear methodological criteria to ensure data validity and objectivity, thereby enhancing the credibility and generalizability of research results. The study also emphasizes that adherence to methodological standards in designing and applying data collection tools significantly improves the quality of social research, particularly in academic theses. Accordingly, the study recommends strengthening methodological training for researchers and students to ensure the proper and effective use of data collection tools in social research
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social research
  topic: keywords
subject: data collection
  topic: keywords
subject: research instruments
  topic: keywords
subject: questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: interview
  topic: keywords
creator: Salem Mohammed Salem Al-Ammari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
starting page: 151
ending page: 160
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.73

The Impact of Native Language Interference on English Proficiency: A Multi_ Methodological Study of Secondary School EFL Learners in Alkhoms, Libya
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of native language interference on phonological and pedagogical effects in the Libyan English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon, the research employs a mixed method approach, integrated data from 100 secondary students and 50 teachers in Alkhoms,. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to the students focusing on their attitudes towards English-only instruction and their preferences for L1 (native language) and L2 use in classroom. Complementing this, qualitative data were collected through semi structured interview with teachers to explore pedagogical perspectives and systematic challenges. The findings reveal a significant "Fluency Gap," a phenomenon where learners attain grammatical proficiency but fail to achieve verbal intelligibility. Thematic analysis indicates that the mother language serves as an essential "Functional Bridge" and "Survival Tool" in addressing systemic classroom problems The study indicates that reducing phonetic retention requires early intervention and a transition to a "judicious L1 use" framework in teacher training to align theoretical policy with classroom implementation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cross-Linguistic Influence
  topic: keywords
subject: Fluency Gap
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicious L1 Use
  topic: keywords
subject: Native Language Interference
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedagogical Implications
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruwaida Saleh Faraj Ghabisha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-18
publication date: 2026-01-18
starting page: 136
ending page: 150
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.72

The Role of Kindergartens in Activating Digital Transformation and Its Impact on the Educational Process
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to investigate how kindergartens contribute to the digital transition and how it affects early childhood education. It comes from seeing how crucial this phase is for laying the groundwork for a child's personality as well as their overall physical, mental, social, and emotional development. The study's main goals are to define the kindergarten stage precisely, to determine its significance and educational goals, and to highlight the role that technology may play in helping instructors and students improve their digital literacy. The study also discusses the digital requirements of the kindergarten learning environment, such as qualified instructors, technologically advanced classrooms, digital tools and gadgets, and parent-teacher cooperation to guarantee digital media use is monitored and supervised. Additionally, it examines the benefits of digital transformation in kindergarten administration, such as enhanced administrative effectiveness, communication facilitation, decreased paper dependence, and speedy and secure data provision. The study's findings demonstrated that incorporating digital education into kindergartens fosters children's creativity and critical thinking, improves social interaction, fosters collaborative learning abilities, and offers ongoing access to curricula and educational resources. To fulfill the demands of the digital age and accomplish holistic child development, the study suggests incorporating digital activities into the curriculum, training instructors in digital media, and creating a learning environment that supports e-learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Kindergarten
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational process
  topic: keywords
creator: Amera Salem Abd Alhamed Saeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
starting page: 123
ending page: 135
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.71

Perceptions of University Students Regarding English Language Instructors' Utilization of the Mother Tongue in Higher Education Classrooms
type: item
description: This study investigates the first-year of English language university students' attitude toward using Arabic Language inside higher education classrooms. The importance of using the mother tongue in foreign language teaching classrooms has been extensively discussed, especially where English practice is a crucial academic condition. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, gathering quantitative data via questionnaires distributed to 40 first-year students and qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with a selected subset of participants. The results indicate that students predominantly possess favorable opinions towards the restricted and intentional use of Arabic, especially for elucidating grammar, clarifying challenging terminology, and providing directions. Students articulated that the overuse of Arabic language limits their exposure to English and reduce speaking practice. The research indicates that students prefer an English -centric classroom atmosphere, supplemented by reasonable use of their mother tongue when required. The results indicate the necessity for a balanced and principled application of Arabic in university EFL programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: English as a Foreign Language
  topic: keywords
subject: mixed approaches
  topic: keywords
subject: native language
  topic: keywords
subject: student perceptions
  topic: keywords
creator: Anwaar Omar Alashab
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 110
ending page: 122
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.70

Artificial Intelligence and Transformations of Social Structure: A Critical Sociological Approach in Light of the Reconfiguration of Power, Work, and Knowledge
type: item
description: The contemporary world is witnessing profound structural transformations driven by the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), which has evolved from a mere technical tool into a structural force influencing social relations, labor markets, and patterns of power. This study aims to analyze the impact of AI on the social structure from a critical sociological perspective, relying on a review of sociological literature and discourse analysis of official and institutional narratives. The study finds that AI contributes to reorganizing social relations, reproducing inequalities, redefining work and authority, and raises ethical and social challenges related to algorithmic bias, privacy, accountability, and the digital divide. The study concludes that addressing these challenges requires clear regulatory policies and a critical framework linking innovation to social justice
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Algorithmic Power
  topic: keywords
subject: Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Suaad Mohammed Elabani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
starting page: 102
ending page: 109
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.68

Investigating Common Grammatical Errors Made by Libyan EFL Students in Writing: A Case Study in the Department of English at Sirte University
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to identify the types of grammatical errors made by students in the Department of English at Sirte University in writing. A mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative research design was employed in this study. Data was collected from thirty English paragraphs written by students about three familiar topics. Students were asked to write a paragraph of 120-150 words on the given topics within about one hour. Students were also interviewed to determine the possible causes behind their errors when writing in English. The students’ written errors were analyzed based on the Error Taxonomy proposed by Byrd and Benson (1994) in order to identify and classify the different types of errors made by the participants. Responses from the students’ interviews were analyzed thematically and unified themes were generated. The results revealed that the thirty students committed 282 errors in total. Students made most errors that fell under the “Punctuation and Mechanic Problems” and the “Most Serious Problems” categories. Within these two categories, the most predominant errors among the participants were punctuation (69 instances, 24.47%), capitalization (55 occurrences, 19.50%), and run-on sentences (33 instances, 11.70%). Results from the students’ interviews indicated that limited vocabulary and lack of understanding of English grammar rules were the main causes of these errors. The study concludes by providing some pedagogical implications, which are expected to assist teachers and material designers in considering the grammatical challenges encountered by EFL learners in writing and in suggesting potential remedies to help them overcome these challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Grammatical Errors
  topic: keywords
subject: Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Error Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Causes
  topic: keywords
creator: Alya Alghannai Abu Dirbala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 90
ending page: 101
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.67

The Significance of Course Books in ELT Classrooms: A Critical Perspective from the Libyan Context
type: item
description: This study examines the significance of using course books in English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms, with specific reference to the Libyan context. It aims to investigate the extent to which course books reinforce effective language learning, classify their advantages and limitations, and recommend criteria for their adaptation. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach, the study draws on critical analysis of applicable literature and reflective classroom observations. The findings imply that while course books remain a central instructional resource in ELT, their effectiveness largely depends on teachers’ capability to adapt and supplement them according to learners’ needs and contextual factors. The study concludes that course books continue to play an essential role in ELT, provided they are used flexibly and critically.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: course books
  topic: keywords
subject: ELT
  topic: keywords
subject: material adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan context
  topic: keywords
creator: Soad Alshibani Ahmed Altaeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 80
ending page: 89
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.66

The Effectiveness of Using E-Learning to Address Individual Differences among Students at the Higher Institute of Technical Sciences in (Raqdaline)
type: item
description: The aim of the current research is to study the effectiveness of using e-learning to address individual differences among students. The research sample included (80) students from the Higher Institute of Technical and Vocational Sciences in Brkdalin. The researcher relied on e-learning methods in teaching the experimental group, using statistical methods (a one-way (simple) analysis of variance test and descriptive statistics for the control and experimental groups, and a simple analysis of variance to determine the differences between the averages of the two groups in the achievement test scores). To determine the differences in favor of any of these groups, a post-comparison test was used. The research results showed statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the control group and the experimental group, taking into account individual differences among learners. They also showed statistically significant differences between the experimental group (e-learning) and the control group, taking into account individual differences in favor of the experimental group. Among the most important recommendations of the research is to provide material resources in the form of educational hardware and software, and to train faculty members on how to use various devices and technologies, and to design some educational software and websites.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teaching Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Active Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical and Creative Thinking
  topic: keywords
creator: Hakim Khalifa Al-Muntasir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 67
ending page: 79
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.65

The Role of E-Learning in Accounting in Developing the Skills of Accounting Students at Libyan Universities (From the perspective of faculty members)
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the role of accounting education in developing the skills of accounting students in universities. It explored the role of educational sciences in developing knowledge, personality, technical skills, and communication abilities. The descriptive analysis began with the distribution of a skills questionnaire to 60 faculty members from various public and private accounting departments. The SPSS program was used for data collection. The study concluded that e-learning plays a significant role in students' learning, encompassing technical, personal, and communication skills. Therefore, the study examines the need to review, update, and develop current university curricula to align with the demands of the modern job market. It also emphasizes the importance of providing the necessary equipment for e-learning, such as smart screens, PowerPoint presentations, and internet access on campus.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Areej Amer Mansour Abudawiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-07
publication date: 2026-01-07
starting page: 54
ending page: 66
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.64

Teaching Methods and Their Role in Activating the Educational Process
type: item
description: This Research Aimed to Identify the Diverse Teaching Methods, Their Objectives, Foundations, and Specifications Using the Descriptive-Analytical Approach. To Identify These Methods and Clarify Their Educational Importance and their Role in Improving and Developing the Educational Process. Teaching Strategies Aim to Transform the Learning Process from Rote Learning to Active Interaction, Enhancing Interaction and Participation, Focusing on Developing Critical, Creative, Analytical, and Problem-Solving Skills, Encouraging Students to Take Responsibility for their Learning, Developing their Self-confidence and Self-reliance, Using Innovative Methods to Make the Learning Process More Attractive and Motivating for Students, and Playing a Significant Role in Developing Thinking Skills, Taking Into Account the Individual Differences of Students, Encouraging Increased Student Motivation and Passion for Studying, and Helping Students Develop Self-learning Skills and Independence .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teaching Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Active Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical
  topic: keywords
subject: Creative Thinking
  topic: keywords
creator: Omar Alarbi Elhaj Mohameed Omar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
starting page: 44
ending page: 53
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.63

Psychological and Social Stress among Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Role of Psychological Support
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the nature of the pressures faced by families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine the main sources of these pressures and their psychological and social impacts on the family as a whole. The study was based on the importance of the family as the primary environment for the child’s development and its central role in the success of any educational or therapeutic intervention directed toward the child. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach through reviewing relevant literature and previous studies. The findings revealed that families of children with ASD experience high levels of psychological stress due to several factors, most notably difficulties in managing the child’s behaviors, lack of social support, financial burdens related to treatment and rehabilitation, and persistent concerns about the child’s future. The results also indicated that these pressures negatively affect parents’ mental health, family relationships, and overall family adjustment. The study further highlighted the important role of psychological support and family counseling in reducing these pressures by enhancing parents’ awareness of ASD, developing their skills in dealing with the child, and strengthening their capacity for positive adaptation. The study emphasized the importance of early intervention and the provision of specialized counseling programs for families.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Autism Spectrum Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological and Social Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Counseling
  topic: keywords
creator: Amna Ahmed Juma Awheedah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 27
ending page: 43
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.62

The Reality of Using Modern Educational and Technological Aids in Teaching Geography A Field Study on a Sample of Geography Teachers in the City of Al-Qubbah
type: item
description: This study aimed to examine the current use of modern instructional and educational technologies in teaching Geography from the perspective of male and female teachers in Al Qubbah city, and to identify the key constraints that limit their integration into the teaching–learning process. The study adopted a descriptive–analytical approach and used a questionnaire as the data collection instrument, which was administered to a sample of 70 teachers. The findings revealed strongly positive attitudes among teachers regarding the importance of instructional aids in facilitating students’ understanding of course content, enhancing academic achievement, and accelerating the delivery of information. The results also indicated a heavier reliance on traditional geographic teaching aids, with the chalkboard remaining in extensive use at a rate of 100%, compared with limited use of modern technologies such as computers, the Internet, and presentation devices, reported at 34–40%. The study further showed that the main barriers include limited class time, inadequate classroom readiness, and certain health-related and economic factors. The study concluded that it is necessary to establish a supportive instructional environment, intensify professional training programs, and improve school infrastructure to strengthen the effective use of modern instructional technologies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Instructional aids
  topic: keywords
subject: educational technology
  topic: keywords
subject: , geography teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: instructional barriers
  topic: keywords
creator: Hniyah Ali Hamad Abdulmawlay
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: 19
ending page: 26
doi: 10.65417/ljere.v2i1.61